L-carnitine Raw Khoom

Suav lub npe: L-carnitine
Lub npe txawv teb chaws: L-Carnitine; L-CN; (R)-3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium innersalt
Alias: L-carnitine; L-carnitine; Vitamin BT; L-carnitine; L - - hydroxy - - trimethylammonium butyric acid, (R) -3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N, N, N-trimethylammonium ntsev
Cov tshuaj formula: C7H15NO3
Molecular hnyav: 161.20 (raws li 2011 thoob ntiaj teb txheeb ze atomic mass)
CAS Nr .: 541-15-1
EINECS tus lej ID: 208-768-0
Melting point: 197 txog 212 degree
Kub taw tes: 287.5 degree
Solubility dej: 250g / 100g
Qhov ceev: 0.64 g / cm³
Cov tsos mob: Dawb crystalline los yog crystalline hmoov nrog ib tug me ntsis fishy tsw
Daim ntawv thov: Dav siv los ua zaub mov ntxiv hauv cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus cov zaub mov, cov zaub mov poob phaus, cov khoom noj ncaws pob, cov khoom noj khoom haus rau cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg laus, cov khoom noj khoom haus fortifiers rau cov neeg tsis noj nqaij, thiab tsiaj pub additives
Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb: S26, S36, S37/39
Hazard symbol: Xis
Nqe lus piav qhia: R36/37/38

Txij li thaum xyoo 1953, L-carnitine tau teev nyob rau hauv kab ntawv qhia txog Vitamin BT hauv American Chemical Abstracts.
Xyoo 1958, Fritz tau tshawb pom tias L-carnitine plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv oxidation ntawm ntev - chain fatty acids hauv plawv thiab cov nqaij mos, uas tuaj yeem nce tus nqi ntawm - oxidation metabolism ntawm cov rog thiab ua kom cov rog ntawm cov hlwb (mitochondria).
Xyoo 1973, Engel thiab Angeliui tau tshaj tawm thawj kis ntawm L-carnitine deficiency thiab kho nws nrog carnitine [13]. Tom qab ntawd, ntau qhov chaw kho mob muaj feem xyuam rau carnitine deficiency thiab thawj carnitine deficiency tau txais los ntawm autosomal recessive genes tau tshaj tawm, suav nrog cov kab mob carnitine deficiency (SCD) thiab myopathic carnitine deficiency (MCD).
Hauv xyoo 1980, L-carnitine tau ua lag luam raws li cov khoom muag txawv teb chaws thiab suav nrog 22nd tsab ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Pharmacopeia.
Nyob rau hauv 1980, Rebouche thiab Engel thawj elucidated lub mechanism thiab txheej txheem ntawm L-carnitine synthesis nyob rau hauv cov kab mob, uas muaj peb kauj ruam thiab rau 6 yam tseem ceeb: L-lysine, methionine, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin B6, hlau, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, L- lysine, methionine, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin B6, hlau, thiab lwm yam. L-carnitine.
Xyoo 1985, Lub Rooj Sib Tham Thoob Ntiaj Teb ntawm Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv nyob hauv Chicago tau faib L-carnitine raws li cov khoom noj tseem ceeb rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. 22 lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam hauv ntiaj teb tau tso cai ntxiv L-carnitine rau cov menyuam mos mis los tiv thaiv carnitine deficiency.
Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1988, Fab Kis tau tso cai L-carnitine los ua cov khoom noj muaj zog hauv cov menyuam mos thiab cov zaub mov tsis tu ncua.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 6, 1989, tsoomfwv Fabkis tau rov hais dua nws qhov kev xav xyoo 1988 tias L-carnitine yog ntau- cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab 100 mg ntawm carnitine tuaj yeem ntxiv rau txhua 1000 calories.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 14, 1990, tsoomfwv Swiss tau teeb tsa qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm L-carnitine ntawm 600 mg / d.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 24, 1993, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Tebchaws Meskas tau tshuaj xyuas L-carnitine thiab nws cov ntsev ua cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg laus ntawm ib hnub koob tshuaj 20 mg ib kilogram ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav. Tshaj qhov koob tshuaj no yuav ua rau mob plab hnyuv.
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 13, 1993, US FDA tau txiav txim siab tias txoj cai - muab thiab sib tov sib hloov carnitine tsis suav tias yog GRAS tshuaj thiab txwv tsis pub lawv muag [37], nrog txoj cai - muab carnitine ua ib qho kev sib tw inhibitor.
Xyoo 1995, European Union tau pom zoo siv L-carnitine hauv ntau qhov chaw pub tsiaj.
Xyoo 1996, 16th National Technical Committee for Standardization of Food Additives in China tau pom zoo siv L-carnitine hauv cov dej haus, cov khoom noj siv mis, biscuits, dej haus, thiab mis hmoov.
Nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 2000, "Enzymatic Production of L-carnitine", lub teb chaws tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ua haujlwm los ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Bioengineering ntawm Jiangnan University hauv Suav teb, dhau qhov kev lees paub hauv tebchaws.
Xyoo 2003, L-carnitine tau lees paub los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv yog qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev phiv tsis pub poob phaus ntxiv

Cov tsos yog dawb crystalline lo ntsiab muag los yog dawb pob tshab zoo hmoov, nrog ib tug me ntsis fishy tsw tshwj xeeb. Soluble nyob rau hauv dej, ethanol, thiab methanol, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv acetone, insoluble nyob rau hauv ether, benzene, chloroform, thiab ethyl acetate. Highly hygroscopic, raug rau huab cua tuaj yeem deliquesce lossis txawm liquefy. Nws tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj nrog pH tus nqi ntawm 3-6 rau ntau tshaj 1 xyoo thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab tshaj 200 degree. Nws cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov pab pawg sib txuas tau zoo solubility thiab nqus dej.
Kev sib hloov tshwj xeeb: -30 ± 1℃(concentration: 1.0 g / 100 mL); Cov kuab tshuaj: dej; wavelength ntawm lub teeb: 589.3 nm; Kub: 23 degree)
Kub ntawm combustion (KJ / mol): 39.8
Logarithmic tus nqi ntawm roj- dej (octanol / dej) muab faib coefficient: 4.47

L-carnitine yog dav nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nrog siab carnitine nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij. Cov kev sim tsiaj tau pom tias qhov concentration ntawm L-carnitine nyob rau hauv lub qog adrenal yog siab tshaj, ua raws li lub plawv, pob txha, nqaij, nqaij adipose, thiab daim siab. Dawb L-carnitine raug tso tawm los ntawm cov zis. Tib neeg lub cev xav tau carnitine los ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg thiab / lossis endogenous synthesis. Tib neeg lub siab thiab lub raum siv lysine thiab methionine ua raw khoom los ua ke carnitine, thaum tseem xav tau kev pab ntawm VC, niacin, VB6, thiab hlau. VC yog qhov tseem ceeb rau biosynthesis ntawm carnitine, thiab ntawm tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom haus cofactors, VC muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm tus nqi ntawm carnitine biosynthesis. Muaj kev sim ua pov thawj tias biosynthesis tus nqi ntawm carnitine nyob rau hauv ob lub raum ntawm vitamin tsis txaus guinea npua yog txo los ntawm 8-10 zaug, thiab lub plawv thiab cov leeg pob txha yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau qhov no. Qhov concentration ntawm carnitine nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov tsiaj tsis muaj VC txo los ntawm 50%. Hlau kuj tseem yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov lus teb uas yuav tsum tau VC, thiab cov concentration ntawm carnitine nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab lub plawv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cev xeeb tub nas uas tsis muaj hlau yog txo kom tsawg.

Hauv xyoo 1970, muaj cov lus ceeb toom ntawm kev siv carnitine los kho kev rog thiab poob phaus. L-carnitine yog ib qho zoo heev poob phaus active tshuaj thiab ib txwm ib feem ntawm cov khoom noj. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los pab ntev - cov roj ntsha fatty acids tau txais beta oxidation, uas yog qhov zoo rau lub cev siv cov rog, suav nrog kev hlawv roj ntau dhau rau lub zog yam tsis muaj kev phiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau kev ua kom muaj zog ua kom muaj roj ntau hauv lub cev thiab ua kom poob phaus. Nws belongs rau txoj kev poob phaus uas tsis tas yuav noj zaub mov, anorexia, qaug zog, lossis raws plab. Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim cuam tshuam tau pom tias, thaum tswj hwm lawv txoj kev ua neej qub thiab kev noj zaub mov zoo, noj L-carnitine tsis tu ncua raws li cov tshuaj noj noj qab haus huv rau 35 hnub, cov neeg mob qhov hnyav, lub duav ncig, lub duav ncig, tag nrho lub cev rog, thiab cov rog subcutaneous ntawm ntau cov ntsiab lus tau txo qis. Tom qab qhov kev sim, cov ntsiab lus kev tawm dag zog tsis tau txo qis, thiab tsis muaj qhov txawv txav ntawm ntau yam kev mob tshwm sim ua ntej thiab tom qab kev sim.

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